泼尼松和泼尼松龙

原文摘自美国医药网站drug.com
The difference between prednisone and prednisolone is that one is the precursor to the other. Prednisone is activated by enzymes in the liver to turn into prednisolone. They do have similar uses but prednisolone is more readily absorbed by the body. Prednisolone is usually used when there is liver toxicity or liver failure involved.

Although they have many similarities, there are some differences between these two substances. For one, the do have a different chemical structure and molecular weight. Also, prednisone is administered only orally, whereas prednisolone can be given orally or topically or even injected if necessary. Lastly, prednisolone has a greater anti-inflammatory effect, albeit not a particularly significant one.

Prednisone and prednisolone are both synthetically produced corticosteroids that have anti-inflammatory properties. They are used for a variety of issues where chronic or acute inflammation is involved. Some common examples are Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, severe allergies, cluster and migraine headaches and ulcerative colitis. Other examples are temporal arteritis, Bell's palsy, multiple sclerosis, vasculitis, acute lymphoblastic leukemiaand autoimmune hepatitis.

泼尼松和泼尼松龙区别在于,一个是另一个的前身。强的松被肝脏中的酶激活变成强的松龙。他们有类似的使用效果但强的松更容易被人体吸收。通常如果有肝毒性或肝功能衰竭时使用泼尼松龙。

尽管他们有很多相似之处,这两种物质之间有一些差异。举例来说,它们确实有不同的化学结构和分子量。同时,强的松仅仅是口服，而强的松龙可以口服或局部用药甚至必要时注射给药。最后,强的松龙具有更大的抗炎效应,尽管不是特别重要。

强的松和强的松龙都是综合生产的糖皮质激素用来起抗炎的作用。他们被用于解决各种各样的问题,不管是慢性还是急性炎症。一些常见的例子是克罗恩氏病、类风湿性关节炎,严重过敏、偏头痛和溃疡性结肠炎。其他的例子有颞动脉炎,贝尔氏麻痹症,多发性硬化,血管炎,急性淋巴细胞白血病和自身免疫性肝炎。

Both drugs also suppress the immune system and can be administered when an organ transplant is performed to prevent the body from rejecting the implanted organ. Prednisone and prednisolone can also be used in cases of overactive adrenal glands, as in the case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia — a group of diseases in which the adrenal glands are not functioning properly. They can both also be used to help fight tumors because of their immunosuppressive abilities.



这两种药物都可以抑制免疫系统,可以用来防止某个器官移植后的机体排斥反应。它们也都可以用于治疗肾上腺亢进,如先天性肾上腺增生的疾病——一类肾上腺不正常运作的疾病。他们也可以被用来帮助对抗肿瘤，由于其免疫抑制的能力。

Prednisone and prednisolone have similar side effects as well. When used over the long term, they can cause such problems as Cushing’s syndrome, a disease that involves the adrenal glands; fluid retention; osteoporosis; glaucoma; cataracts; type 2 diabetes mellitu; and even depression when dosage is reduced or stopped altogether. There are numerous short-term side effects as well, such as insomnia; increased blood glucose levels, especially in people who have diabetes mellitus; decreased or blurred vision; increased thirst; cataract formation; confusion; and other psychological problems.

強的松和强的松龙也有类似的副作用。长期使用时,他们会导致库兴氏综合征等问题,包括肾上腺疾病;液体潴留;骨质疏松;青光眼;白内障;2型糖尿病mellitu;甚至当剂量降低或完全停止时抑郁症。还有许多短期的副作用,如失眠;增加血糖水平,尤其是有糖尿病的人;减退或视力模糊,口渴、白内障;思维混乱;和其他心理问题。

Both prednisone and prednisolone cause suppression of the adrenal glands, so they can cause the adrenals to stop working properly if they are used for more than seven days. If the use of prednisone or prednisolone is stopped abruptly, this can cause a severe condition known as adrenal crisis. For this reason, the dosage has to be gradually reduced over time to give the adrenals the chance to start functioning properly again.

如果使用它们超过7天，强的松和强的松龙都会引起肾上腺抑制,所以他们会导致肾上腺停止正常工作。如果使用强的松或强的松龙突然停止,这可能会导致严重的疾病反应称为肾上腺危象。出于这个原因,必须随着时间的推移逐渐减少剂量而让肾上腺有机会重新开始正常工作。