靶向药副作用解决方式-来自国外网友总结

皮疹：

采用口服或外用抗生素（米诺环素100 mg或强力霉素100 mg或克林霉素-外用）或外用类固醇乳膏（丙酸氯倍他索0.05%或类似药物）治疗。

皮疹不是痤疮，不要用痤疮产品治疗，它们会使病情恶化。身体上的一些皮疹以及皮肤的皱褶和褶皱可能是真菌感染。他们越早得到治疗越好。

使用处方药产品治疗脚癣和脚气。每天晾晒在空气中2-3次。使用真菌粉以避免将来爆发。

用于遮瑕：

化妆品或Revlon Mineral Dust。

皮肤干燥：

下列为产品名字可以复制搜索O’Keefe’s Working Hands，Udderly Smooth , CeraVe, Eucerin。摩洛哥坚果油或椰子油也很有效。在你找到最适合你的之前，可能会进行一些尝试。Kenalog（中文名康宁乐，处方药）用于极度瘙痒的皮疹。向医生咨询其他类固醇乳霜和乳液（你可以去看你的皮肤科医生，只要确保他熟悉靶向药）。硅胶抹刀可以方便地将乳液和药水涂抹到背部难以触及的地方。

头发和头皮：

脱发：虽然药物制造商的处方材料中没有提到，但您可能会注意到4-8个月的脱发。头发可能会改变颜色和质地；它会变脆并断裂。你可能会失去足够的头发，需要戴假发。它可能会重新生长，再次以不同的颜色和纹理缓慢生长。如果你的头发变薄了（没有比晒黑的头皮更糟糕的事了！），一定要戴帽子。

确保你的甲状腺水平在正常范围内。正确的甲状腺水平可能有助于防止严重的脱发。脱发令人心碎和沮丧，但想想你的肺是多么可爱！

多余的面部毛发（主要是易瑞沙）：

物理刮毛。激光治疗很昂贵。打蜡会伤害皮肤，而且会使皮肤变硬。

头皮上的皮疹/痂：

锌洗发水（需处方）、Ciclopirox 1%洗发水（需处方）、Capex洗发水（需处方）Olux泡沫洗发水（需处方）。请注意，阳光、高温和汗水会使头皮疹恶化。

为敏感皮肤配制的洗发水/护发素：

每隔一天或更短时间清洗一次。避免使用含酒精的产品。头发很干的话用护发素。发膜，摩洛哥坚果油或者椰子油都非常有帮助。

易瑞沙用户应小心弯曲、卷曲的睫毛，这些睫毛会击中眼球，感染或长入睫毛。联系你的眼科医生。用小剪刀和睫毛夹小心地修剪睫毛。睫毛膏是一种很好的睫毛胶！

对眼睛刺激/干燥（大多数靶向药）：

温暖的敷布，适合早上黏糊糊的眼睛。

尽可能多地使用喜爱的眼药水。

如果刺激持续超过几天，请联系眼科医生。所有TKIs都将角膜炎（对角膜的刺激）列为副作用。白内障在TKI使用者中也更为普遍。确保你每年至少看一次眼科医生！

鼻子和喉咙呼吸急促——通知您的医生，以便他们能够评估严重性。所有TKI都有几率发生发生间质性肺病。

流鼻涕：Claritin 24过敏缓解剂或Flonase。在口袋和钱包里塞满纸巾，以防流鼻涕和流眼泪。

鼻孔溃疡：

Neosporin, Ayr (处方凝胶) 或 Futacason

小剂量口服抗生素（如强力霉素）也有帮助。

清洁通风口，经常更换真空袋，保持床上用品新鲜，经常除尘，以防尘螨和其他过敏原和刺激物。在低湿度条件下用加湿器。

口腔（酸痛和干燥）

混合等量的过氧化氢和水，每天漱口。

Magic Swizzle Sticks。Magic Mouthwash, StomatititesCocktail, Vanderbilt Formula (scripts).

Diflucan（需处方）用于口腔鹅口疮（覆盖在舌头上的白色真菌感染）。这个要告诉你的医生！

Biotene牙膏和漱口液（均为非处方药）治疗口干。牙膏对有溃疡的口腔非常温和。

易瑞沙使用者尤其发现某些食物（辛辣或酸性）的味道会发生变化。这应该会随着时间的推移而减少。

防晒：

为了避免皮疹加剧，避免阳光照射或保护自己。如果皮肤耐受，经常涂抹50+SPF防晒霜。为婴儿/儿童配制的防晒霜更温和。防晒霜是所有靶向药使用者的好主意。戴帽子，可以阻挡光线。

如果你的头发变薄了，这一点尤其重要！

UPF服装（防晒服装）

胃酸回流：首先要确保要使用的药不会影响靶向药的药效（需要和用药的厂商或者医生确认），

便秘：番泻叶天然泻药、米拉腊、可乐和纤维胶。还包括含有大量水分的Metamucil（或假玉米芯壳纤维）。

反胃：姜茶、薄荷茶、可乐糖浆（非处方药）、Carafate (需处方)。

腹泻：

止泻剂和益生菌。

添加大量泻药（Metamucil、木虱壳纤维等）可以有所帮助——尽管这似乎违反直觉。用香蕉、米饭、苹果酱、吐司和茶来帮助平静下来。记录食物/事件日志

食欲——Onc可以开大麻素或大麻素来增加食欲。尽可能多吃高热量的食物。

腿部抽筋：

应进行检查，以检查钙、镁和锌的水平，并根据需要补充低值的钙、镁和锌。奎宁（在一些补品水中）、钾和普通的陈水也有帮助。

手指和脚趾：

拥有自己专属的指甲钳和工具。每次使用后用酒精擦拭。

保持脚的清洁和干燥。修剪指甲。

脱下高跟鞋和紧身鞋。

如果手指或脚趾的角质层看起来发炎和感染，请致电足病医生。这可能是一种叫做甲沟炎的疾病，感染可能很严重。

脚趾甲向内生长是常见的副作用。

凡士林，12%乳酸铵，用于脚跟和脚部开裂。

泻盐浸泡也有帮助。

日常打扫清洁卫生时戴上橡胶手套；烹饪用乙烯基手套。

适用于手指和脚跟裂开（.Newskin, Nexcare or other waterproof bandages）Destin（是的，尿布疹膏）薄薄地涂抹在指尖和其他地方。用棉布手套/袜子裹住手脚睡觉。

水喝很多很多的水——每天8、10、12杯。脱水会加剧副作用，增加便秘，并导致口干。一定要保持水分充足！

This post deals with managing side effects from TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) like Tarceva (Erlotinib), Gilotrif (Afatinib), Tagrisso (Osimertinib), and Iressa(Gefitinib). 

这篇文章讨论了TKI（酪氨酸激酶抑制剂）的副作用管理，如Tarceva（易瑞沙）、Gilotrif（阿法替尼）、Tagrisso（奥希替尼）和Iressa（吉非替尼）。

Beth SKIN (All TKIs) TKI RASHES are treated with oral or topical antibiotics (Minocycline 100 mg or Doxycycline 100 mg or Clyndamycin - topical) or a topical steroid cream (Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% or the like). THE RASH is not acne; do not treat with acne products, they will exacerbate the condition. Some rashes on body and in the creases and folds of skin can be fungal infections. The sooner they are treated, the better. Use OTC products for athlete’s foot and jock itch. Expose to air 2 – 3 time a day. Use fungal powder to avoid future outbreaks. 

皮疹：采用口服或外用抗生素（米诺环素100 mg或强力霉素100 mg或克林霉素-外用）或外用类固醇乳膏（丙酸氯倍他索0.05%或类似药物）治疗。

皮疹不是痤疮，不要用痤疮产品治疗，它们会使病情恶化。身体上的一些皮疹以及皮肤的皱褶和褶皱可能是真菌感染。他们越早得到治疗越好。

使用处方药产品治疗脚癣和脚气。每天晾晒在空气中2-3次。使用真菌粉以避免将来爆发。

For concealing: Dermablend make-up (department stores) or Revlon Mineral Dust. DRY SKIN (Most TKIs) O’Keefe’s Working Hands, Udderly Smooth , CeraVe, Eucerin to name a few. Argan or coconut oil are effective, too. There will be some trial and error until you find the one that works the best for you. And you’ll probably be able to have a yard sale with the ones that didn’t work!) Kenalog (script) for extremely itchy rash. Consult doc for other steroid creams and lotions (You can see your dermatologist, just make sure he’s familiar with TKIs). A silicone spatula comes in handy for getting the lotions and potions to those hard-to-reach spots on your back. So is a loving partner ;-) 

用于遮瑕：化妆品或Revlon Mineral Dust。

皮肤干燥：下列为产品名字可以复制搜索O’Keefe’s Working Hands，Udderly Smooth , CeraVe, Eucerin。摩洛哥坚果油或椰子油也很有效。在你找到最适合你的之前，可能会进行一些尝试。

Kenalog（中文名康宁乐，处方药）用于极度瘙痒的皮疹。

向医生咨询其他类固醇乳霜和乳液（你可以去看你的皮肤科医生，只要确保他熟悉TKIs）。

硅胶抹刀可以方便地将乳液和药水涂抹到背部难以触及的地方。

HAIR AND SCALP (Mostly for Tarceva, but this may show up with other drugs) HAIR LOSS. While not mentioned in the prescribing materials from the drug manufacturer, you may notice hair loss from months 4 - 8. Hair will likely change color and texture; it will become brittle and break. It will grow SLOWLY. You may lose enough hair to require a wig. It will likely grow back, again with a different color and texture and SLOWLY. Always wear a hat if your hair has thinned (nothing worse than a sunburned scalp!). Make sure your thyroid levels are within normal ranges. Your hair may still get brillo-y, but the correct thyroid level may help prevent significant hair loss (Thanks, JTousley) Losing hair is heart breaking and frustrating, but think of how lovely your lungs are! 

头发和头皮（易瑞沙，但这可能与其他药物一起出现）

脱发：虽然药物制造商的处方材料中没有提到，但您可能会注意到4-8个月的脱发。头发可能会改变颜色和质地；它会变脆并断裂。你可能会失去足够的头发，需要戴假发。它可能会重新生长，再次以不同的颜色和纹理缓慢生长。如果你的头发变薄了（没有比晒黑的头皮更糟糕的事了！），一定要戴帽子。

确保你的甲状腺水平在正常范围内。正确的甲状腺水平可能有助于防止严重的脱发。脱发令人心碎和沮丧，但想想你的肺是多么可爱！

UNWANTED FACIAL HAIR (mostly Tarceva), OTC kits for gentle hair removal. Laser treatment are expensive. Waxing hurts and can be hard on the skin. (The facial hair will go away when the Tarceva goes away – including the eyelashes). RASH/Scabs on Scalp – Zinc Shampoo DHS (script and available OTC), Ciclopirox 1% Shampoo (script), Capex Shampoo (script) Olux Foam Shampoo (script). Note that sun, heat and perspiration can make the scalp rash worse. 

多余的面部毛发（主要是易瑞沙），脱毛套件。

激光治疗很昂贵。

打蜡会伤害皮肤，而且会使皮肤变硬。

头皮上的皮疹/痂——锌洗发水（需处方）、Ciclopirox 1%洗发水（需处方）、Capex洗发水（需处方）Olux泡沫洗发水（需处方）。

请注意，阳光、高温和汗水会使头皮疹恶化。

SHAMPOO/CONDITIONERS formulated for sensitive skin. Wash every other day or less. Avoid products with alcohol. For dry hair: condition, condition, condition – even on days that you don’t shampoo. Hair masks, argan or coconut oils are helpful (keep in mind the argan oil may change the color of blonde or grey hair) 

为敏感皮肤配制的洗发水/护发素。每隔一天或更短时间清洗一次。避免使用含酒精的产品。头发很干的话用护发素。发膜，摩洛哥坚果油或者椰子油都非常有帮助。

HAIR COLOR – Be cautious. The lighter your hair color the harder the products are on your scalp. Clairol Natural Instincts has a number of choices for men and women; Herbatint Organic Color (Beauty Supply Stores). 

染头：越浅的颜色对头皮伤害越大。可以买Clairol Natural Instinct或者Herbatint Organic Color。

EYES Tarceva users should beware of wiry, rogue eyelashes that bend and wind up hitting your eyeball and infected or ingrown lashes. Contact your ophthalmologist. Trim eyelashes carefully with small scissors and an eyelash curler or see your ophthalmologist. REQUIRES STEADY HANDS. Mascara makes for pretty good glue for those errant lashes! Irritation/Dryness (most TKIs). Warm compresses for goopy, crusty morning eyes. Use favorite eye drops as much as possible. Contact your ophthalmologist if irritation lasts longer than a couple of days. All of the TKIs list keratitis (irritation to the cornea) as a side effect. Cataracts are more prevalent in TKI users, too. Make sure you're seeing your ophthalmologist annually at least! 

Tarceva用户应小心弯曲、卷曲的睫毛，这些睫毛会击中眼球，感染或长入睫毛。

联系你的眼科医生。用小剪刀和睫毛夹小心地修剪睫毛。

睫毛膏是一种很好的睫毛胶！

对眼睛刺激/干燥（大多数靶向药）：温暖的敷布，适合早上黏糊糊的眼睛。

尽可能多地使用喜爱的眼药水。

如果刺激持续超过几天，请联系眼科医生。所有TKIs都将角膜炎（对角膜的刺激）列为副作用。白内障在TKI使用者中也更为普遍。确保你每年至少看一次眼科医生！

NOSE AND THROAT Shortness of Breath (SOB) is a side effect. Notify your oncolgist so that they can evaluate the severity. All of the TKIs have a very small risk of interstitial lung disease. 

鼻子和喉咙呼吸急促——通知您的医生，以便他们能够评估严重性。所有TKI都有几率发生发生间质性肺病。

RUNNY NOSES: Claritin 24 Allergy Relief or Flonase for drippy nose. Stuff pockets and purses with tissues for runny nose and watery eyes. (Try to remember to empty pockets before laundering!). 

流鼻涕：Claritin 24过敏缓解剂或Flonase。在口袋和钱包里塞满纸巾，以防流鼻涕和流眼泪。

SORES IN NOSTRILS Neosporin, Ayr (OTC gel) or Futacason (script) on a Q-tip inside nostrils. A low dose of an oral antibiotic (like doxycycline) can help, too. Clean air vents, change vacuum bags often, keep bedding fresh, and dust often to keep down the dust mites and other allergens and irritants. Invest in a humidifier for low-humidity conditions

鼻孔溃疡：

Neosporin, Ayr (处方凝胶) 或 Futacason

小剂量口服抗生素（如强力霉素）也有帮助。

清洁通风口，经常更换真空袋，保持床上用品新鲜，经常除尘，以防尘螨和其他过敏原和刺激物。在低湿度条件下用加湿器。

MOUTH (Sores and Dryness) Magic Swizzle Sticks from Pharmacy. Mix equal parts of Peroxide and Water and gargle daily. Magic Mouthwash, StomatititesCocktail, Vanderbilt Formula (scripts). Diflucan (script) for Oral Thrush (which is a whitish fungal infection coating on your tongue). Do call the onc for this one! Biotene toothpaste and mouth rinse (both OTC) for dry mouth. Toothpaste is very gentle for mouths with sores. Tarceva users in particular find that the taste of certain foods (spicy or acidic) will change. This should decrease over time. 

口腔（酸痛和干燥）

混合等量的过氧化氢和水，每天漱口。

Magic Swizzle Sticks。Magic Mouthwash, StomatititesCocktail, Vanderbilt Formula (scripts).

Diflucan（需处方）用于口腔鹅口疮（覆盖在舌头上的白色真菌感染）。这个要告诉你的医生！

Biotene牙膏和漱口液（均为非处方药）治疗口干。牙膏对有溃疡的口腔非常温和。

易瑞沙使用者尤其发现某些食物（辛辣或酸性）的味道会发生变化。这应该会随着时间的推移而减少。

SUN Tarceva in particular HATES the sun. So do oral antibiotics. So to avoid exacerbating THE RASH, avoid the sun or protect yourself. Apply 50+ SPF sunscreen frequently if skin tolerates. Sunscreens formulated for infants/children tend to be milder. Sunscreen is a good idea for all TKI users. Wear a hat. Have a collection. Make sure they’re lined and will block the rays. This is especially important if your hair has thinned! UPF clothing (Coolibar.com and Tilley.com are both sources of hats and clothing). DIGESTION Eating is very important, particularly if you’ve lost your appetite. Consume small, healthy portions throughout the day. Ensure drinks can help. Call your oncologist if you’re having problems or losing weight rapidly.

防晒：为了避免皮疹加剧，避免阳光照射或保护自己。如果皮肤耐受，经常涂抹50+SPF防晒霜。为婴儿/儿童配制的防晒霜更温和。防晒霜是所有靶向药使用者的好主意。戴帽子，可以阻挡光线。

如果你的头发变薄了，这一点尤其重要！

UPF服装（防晒服装）

ACID REFLUX – check with your oncologist. Remember Tarceva in particular works with the acid in your stomach. While relief is important, it shouldn’t interfere with the Tarceva!!! Double check on the manufacturer's website or on drugs.com to confirm whether or not your particular drug has this type of interaction. 

胃酸回流：首先要确保要使用的药不会影响靶向药的药效（需要和用药的厂商或者医生确认），

CONSTIPATION – Senna natural laxatives, Miralax, Colace and Fiber Gummies. Also include Metamucil (or psyullium husk fiber) with lots of water. 

便秘：番泻叶天然泻药、米拉腊、可乐和纤维胶。还包括含有大量水分的Metamucil（或假玉米芯壳纤维）。

UPET STOMACH – ginger tea, peppermint tea, coke syrup (pharmacy OTC), Carafate (script). 

反胃：姜茶、薄荷茶、可乐糖浆（非处方药）、Carafate (需处方)。

DIARRHEA – Imodium OTC and Probiotics. Lomotil (script). Adding a bulk laxative (Metamucil, psyllium husk fiber, etc.) can help – even though it seems counterintuitive. Use the BRATT (bananas, rice, applesauce, toast and tea) to help calm things down. Keep a food/episode diary to help identify triggers. **Note that there is a moderate interaction risk between Tagrisso and Imodium. Please check with your doctor and pharmacists to determine if it is appropriate for you.** ALWAYS know the location of the nearest bathroom, wear easy-off pants and NEVER trust a fart! 

腹泻：

止泻剂和益生菌。

添加大量泻药（Metamucil、木虱壳纤维等）可以有所帮助——尽管这似乎违反直觉。

用香蕉、米饭、苹果酱、吐司和茶来帮助平静下来。

记录食物/事件日志

APPETITE -- Onc can prescribe Megace or cannabinoids to boost appetite. Eat calorie dense meals when you can. 

食欲——Onc可以开大麻素或大麻素来增加食欲。尽可能多吃高热量的食物。

LEG CRAMPS Onc should do a CBC to check calcium, magnesium and zinc levels, adding supplements as needed for low values. Quinine (in some tonic waters), potassium and plain old water can help. 

腿部抽筋：

应进行检查，以检查钙、镁和锌的水平，并根据需要补充低值的钙、镁和锌。奎宁（在一些补品水中）、钾和普通的陈水也有帮助。

FINGERS AND TOES Keep your own set of nail clippers and tools. Wipe with alcohol after each use. Keep feet clean and dry. Keep nails trimmed. Ditch the high heels and tight shoes. Call podiatrist or PCP if cuticles on fingers or toes look inflamed and infected. This can be a condition called paronychia and the infection can be serious. Ingrown toenails are a common side effect. get to know your podiatrist! Vaseline, Amonium Lactate 12% for cracked heels and feet. Epsom Salt soaks are helpful, too. Wear rubber gloves when cleaning; vinyl gloves for cooking. Newskin, Nexcare or other waterproof bandages for split fingers and heels. Desitin (yep, diaper rash cream) applied thinly to fingertips and a bit thicker other places. Super glue (medical grade) for splits, too. (Just don't glue yourself to something!) Moisturize, moisturize, moisturize! Slather up the hands and feet and sleep in cotton gloves/socks.

手指和脚趾：

拥有自己专属的指甲钳和工具。每次使用后用酒精擦拭。

保持脚的清洁和干燥。修剪指甲。

脱下高跟鞋和紧身鞋。

如果手指或脚趾的角质层看起来发炎和感染，请致电足病医生。这可能是一种叫做甲沟炎的疾病，感染可能很严重。

脚趾甲向内生长是常见的副作用。

凡士林，12%乳酸铵，用于脚跟和脚部开裂。

泻盐浸泡也有帮助。

日常打扫清洁卫生时戴上橡胶手套；烹饪用乙烯基手套。

适用于手指和脚跟裂开（.Newskin, Nexcare or other waterproof bandages）Destin（是的，尿布疹膏）薄薄地涂抹在指尖和其他地方。超级胶水（医用级）也适用于劈裂。滋润，滋润，滋润！

用棉布手套/袜子裹住手脚睡觉。

WATER Drink LOTS AND LOTS of water -- 8, 10, 12 glasses a day. Dehydration exacerbates side effects, increases constipation, and contributes to dry mouth. Not all of it has to be water. Watch your alcohol consumption (we love our livers!) Tarceva users will generally have more of an issue with this than others. But do keep well hydrated! 

水喝很多很多的水——每天8、10、12杯。脱水会加剧副作用，增加便秘，并导致口干。一定要保持水分充足！