复发,是导致肿瘤治疗复杂的一个原因所在,也是肿瘤患者结束治疗后需要特别注意的。要降低肿瘤治疗后的复发风险,规范的治疗必不可少,但患者们同样也非常关心,有没有一些自己力所能及的事情,可以降低肿瘤复发的风险呢?
有!
根据2018年圣安东尼奥乳腺癌研讨会上提出的研究结果:积极改善生活方式,远离肥胖(降低BMI),能够让乳腺癌患者(HER-2阴性)的无病生存率提高50%。
BMI,又称体重指数,是衡量人体肥胖程度和是否健康的重要标准,计算公式为:(BMI)=体重(kg)÷ 身高的平方(m²)
该研究招募了2292名完成治疗的乳腺癌患者,她们需要满足:HER2/neu阴性,腋窝淋巴结转移(pN1-3)或高危结节阴性,所有人的BMI指数为24-40 kg/m²。
入组标准
Primary epithelial invasive carcinoma of the breast pT1-4, pN0-3, pM0
No evidence of HER2/neu overexpressing (IHC neg or ) or amplifying (FISH neg.) tumor
Histopathological proof of axillary lymph node metastases (pN1-3) or high risk node negative, defined as at least one criterion of the following: 'pT ≥2, histopathological grade 3, age ≤35, negative hormone receptor'
Complete resection of the primary tumor with margins of resection free of invasive carcinoma not more than 6 weeks ago
Females ≥ 18 years of age
Performance status ≤ 2 on ECOG-Scale
Adequate bone marrow reserve: leucocytes ≥ 3.0 x 109/l and platelets ≥ 100 x 109/l
Bilirubin within the reference laboratory's normal range, ASAT (SGOT), ALAT (SGPT) and AP within 1,5 fold of the reference laboratory's normal range for patients
Willingness to participate in a telephone-based lifestyle intervention programme [10.] Intention of regular follow up visits for the duration of the study [11.] Ability to understand the nature of the study and to give written informed consent
排除标准
Inflammatory breast cancer
Previous or concomitant cytotoxic or other systemic antineoplastic treatment which is not part of this study
A second primary malignancy (except in situ carcinoma of the cervix or adequately treated basal cell carcinoma of the skin)
Cardiomyopathy with impaired ventricular function (NYHA > II), cardiac arrhythmias influencing LVEF and requiring medication, history of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris within the last 6 months, or arterial hypertension not being controlled by medication
Any known hypersensitivity against Docetaxel, Epirubicine, Cyclophosphamide, or any other medication included in the study protocol. The contraindication, warning notices and measures of precaution of the products, as notified in the product infroamtion, have to be respected
Use of any investigational agent within 3 weeks prior to inclusion
Patients in pregnancy or breast feeding (in premenopausal women anticonception has to be assured)
Insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus (non-insulin requiring patients with type 2 diabetes are eligible for the study)
Serious digestive and/or absorptive problems that exclude adherence to the study diet [10.] Self-reported inability to walk at least one kilometer (at any pace) [11.] Cardiovascular, respiratory or musculoskeletal disease or joint problems that preclude moderate physical activity. Moderate arthritis that does not preclude physical activity is not a reason for exclusion [12.] Psychiatric disorders or conditions that would preclude participation in the study intervention [13.] Patients not sufficiently fluent in German language to understand the nature of this study and any of the interventional measures
这些女性被随机分配为两组:
干预组的女性通过电话获得指导:如何改善饮食、降低脂肪摄入量、增加身体活动以及其他针对她们特定需求的提示,以实现减肥的目标。具体建议包括:
低脂低卡路里的混合饮食:≤25%脂肪,约50%-60%碳水化合物,约15%-25%蛋白质。
每周至少2个半小时的耐力训练(例如,5x30分钟),散步就可以。
如果患者身体状况允许并且想要更多运动,可以进行其他形式的锻炼/运动。
此外,应增加日常运动(例如,走楼梯而不是自动扶梯)。
在为期2年的随访期结束时,生活方式干预组的患者体重平均减少了1.0千克,而对照组的患者体重平均增加了0.95千克。
总体来看,完成了生活干预计划的女性,相比未完成生活方式干预计划以及没有进行生活方式干预计划的女性,复发风险大幅度降低。
随访结束时,有1477名女性完成了生活方式干预计划。
肥胖与肿瘤的关系,一直以来都是肿瘤领域研究的一个小热点,既往的研究指出:肥胖和低体力活动与患乳腺癌的风险增加、复发风险增加和生存率降低有关。
本文的研究证明了,通过营养、运动等健康的生活方式,减轻体重,对于降低乳腺癌患者的肿瘤复发风险是有益的。其实,不仅仅是对于乳腺癌患者,对于所有的肿瘤患者来说,健康的营养、饮食、运动,对于降低肿瘤复发都是有益的。
[1] Lifestyle Intervention Helped Breast Cancer Survivors Lose Weight, and Was Associated with Higher Disease-free Survival Rates. https://www.aacr.org/Newsroom/Pages/News-Release-Detail.aspx?ItemID=1260