治疗红斑狼疮常用的类固醇有哪些？

原文转自美国约翰霍普金森大学狼疮中心，谨作参考，请遵医嘱
What steroid medications are commonly prescribed for lupus?

Prednisone is the steroid most commonly prescribed for lupus. It is usually given as tablets that come in 1, 5, 10, or 20 milligram (mg) doses. Pills may be taken as often as 4 times a day or as infrequently as once every other day. Usually, a low dose of prednisone is about 7.5 mg per day or less, a medium dose is between 7.5 and 30 mg per day, and a dose of more than 30 mg qualifies as a high dose. Your doctor may also prescribe a similar drug called prednisolone, especially if you have had any liver problems. Prednisolone and prednisone are very similar. In fact, the liver must convert prednisone to prednisolone before the body can use it.

Sometimes lupus flares can be treated with an intra-muscular (IM) injection of a drug called Triamcinolone. These injections are usually given at your doctor’s office, and they often reduce flares without some of the side-effects that would accompany an increase in the dosage of an oral steroid like prednisone. Usually, the only noticeable side effect of these injections is a dimple or loss of pigmentation at the injection sight.

Steroids can also be given intravenously (IV) in the form of methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol), and your doctor may prescribe higher doses of methylprednisolone (1000 mg) given over 3-5-day period. These treatments are often referred to as “pulse steroids.” Other forms of steroid medications commonly given for lupus are hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone (Medrol) dose packs, and dexamethasone (Decadron) tablets. These medications vary in potency. For example, hydrocortisone is weaker than prednisone, methylprednisolone is stronger, and dexamethasone is very potent. Ointments containing corticosteroids are also commonly prescribed for lupus rashes.



常用的治疗红斑狼疮的类固醇药物是什么?

强的松是治疗红斑狼疮最常用的类固醇药物。通常是制成片剂的1、5、10或20毫克剂量(毫克)。药片的服用方法可能是每天多达4次或少至每隔一天一次。通常,低剂量的强的松大约是7.5毫克/天或更少,中等剂量的是每天7.5到30毫克,超过30毫克的剂量规定作为高剂量。你的医生也可能采取类似的药物称为强的松龙,特别是如果你有任何肝脏问题。强的松、强的松龙非常相似。事实上,强的松必须通过肝脏的酶转化为强的松龙后身体才可以使用它。

有时狼疮复发时需要用肌肉注射(IM)称为曲安奈德的药物来治疗。这些注射通常在医生的办公室进行，这种治疗可以减少复发而没有其它副作用，同时要配合增加口服类固醇强的松的剂量。通常,这个注射治疗只有一种明显副作用就是是一个斑痕或色素沉着。

类固醇可以用静脉注射(IV)的形式注射甲基强的松龙(Solu-Medrol),你的医生可能会给你开3－5天的大剂量甲基强的松龙(1000毫克)。这些通常被称为“冲击类固醇治疗。“其他形式的类固醇药物通常给狼疮的是氢化可的松,甲基强的松龙，合用剂量,以及地塞米松(Decadron)片剂。这些药物的效力不同。例如,氢化可的松的作用弱于强的松,甲基强的松龙效用强一些,地塞米松也是非常有效的。含有激素的药膏也常用于红斑皮疹的治疗。