用化疗药物治疗红斑狼疮（part 2,甲氨蝶朎）

Methotrexate
Methotrexate is the second major chemo drug given to lupus patients, and is typically the next resort after someone fails to respond to the traditional hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) and prednisone regimen. In addition to treating lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, Methotrexate is also used to treat a variety of cancers including lymphoma, leukemia and osteosarcoma.
甲氨蝶呤
甲氨蝶呤是第二个用于狼疮患者的主要化疗药物，并通常是针对那些对传统的羟氯喹(氯奎宁)和强的松治疗方案无效反应的患者的进一步治疗方案，除了治疗红斑狼疮和类风湿性关节炎,甲氨蝶呤也用于治疗各种癌症,包括淋巴瘤、白血病和骨肉瘤。
Although the medication is used to treat cancer, lupus patients typically take it orally and at a much lower dose than those who are receiving treatment for cancer. Additionally, those undergoing cancer treatment may also receive other drugs that are taken in tandem with Methotrexate to help combat their disease. As such, side effects may be more severe for those who have cancer.
虽然药物用于治疗癌症,狼疮患者通常用来口服，而使用的剂量比那些用于正在接受癌症的患者更低一些。此外,那些接受癌症治疗的患者也可能接受其他药物配合甲氨蝶呤来帮助对抗疾病。因此,对于那些患有癌症的患者来说，副作用可能是更严重的。
This treatment is not taken every day and your doctor will prescribe you a very strict regime that must be followed for your particular case. Most people with lupus will take Methotrexate once or twice per week as an oral tablet. More than that can be lethal, so it is extremely important to follow the doctor’s directions precisely.
这种治疗不是每一天都要服用，你的医生会根据你的具体情况帮你制订一个非常严格的必须遵循的服药规定。大多数狼疮病人每周口服一次到二次甲氨蝶朎片剂。多于此剂量，可能是致命的,所以非常准确地遵循医生的指导服用此药是非常重要的！
People taking this drug may experience: Temporary hair loss — though on such a low dose for lupus, it is not typical and is more often not total hair loss Nausea Vomiting Acne Boils Pale skin Rash or itching As with CellCept, those taking Methotrexate need to have a negative pregnancy test before beginning to take the medication and must not be breastfeeding. Females should use birth control and males should use a condom for at least 90 days after stopping the medication to ensure that pregnancy does not inadvertently occur.
服用这种药物可能会出现如下症状：暂时脱发——尽管是在这样一个低剂量下，但对红斑狼疮来说并不典型,往往不是全部脱发。另外可能出现恶心呕吐，痤疮，疮白，皮肤皮疹或瘙痒。
像服用骁悉一样，服用甲氨蝶呤之前需要有一个阴性的怀孕测试结果，并且不能母乳喂养。女性要在服药期间避孕，并且至少停止药物治疗90天后才可以考虑怀孕,以确保没有意外发生。
Also as with CellCept, an infection is a serious risk for those taking the medication, so patients must be on high alert for the signs and symptoms of an infection.
像服用骁悉一样，感染是一种严重的服用此药物的风险,所以必须高度警惕患者感染的症状和体征。